In addition to radiological assessment, pain intensity
and disability were also measured for all patients
at three measurement intervals (before treatment,
10 weeks afterwards and at 6 months of follow-up).
The back pain was measured by the Numerical Rating
Scale. (VAS), which is considered as a valid and
reliable scale used to measure the patient pain intensity
[17]. The scale is composed of 0–10 numbers. The
Patients were asked to place a mark along the line to
denote their pain level; 0 reflecting “no pain” and 10
reflecting the “worst pain”